A printer creates a physical copy of a text file or an image sent to it by a computer. This hardware output device comes in different shapes, sizes and capabilities to accommodate the needs of a wide range of users.
Most people use printers for two-dimensional documents like papers, reports and flyers. There are also 3D printers that can print three-dimensional objects like metals, plastics or cement.
Choosing a printer depends on the print quality, capacity and long-term costs of the machine. The most common types of printers are inkjet and laser. Inkjet printers produce vibrant colors, but they can be expensive to operate and maintain. Laser printers, on the other hand, produce high-quality images and text at a lower cost.
The first modern printer was invented by Charles Babbage in 1822. It used mechanical pins arranged in a row to form characters. These were then embossed on paper. Later, IBM created dot matrix impact printers which print character forms by striking a ribbon with precisely timed hammers. There are many variants of these impact printers, including chain and train printers where the character forms are arranged in chains or on tracks.
Ink cartridges contain liquid ink, which is expensive to ship and store. They need to be replaced often, which can add to the total cost of ownership of a printer. Toner cartridges, on the other hand, are dry powder that can be easily shipped and stored. This makes them a more economical solution in the long run.
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