What Is a Printer?

A printer is a peripheral machine that makes a durable representation of graphics or text, usually on paper. However, it can also print on other materials such as textiles, postage stamps, labels on canned goods and paper money, and circuit boards for electronic devices like computers. It may be connected to a host computer directly using a data cable such as the USB, through a short-range radio such as Bluetooth or Wi-Fi, through a wired local area network using cables (such as the Ethernet) or wirelessly on a wide area network using a protocol such as IPv6, VLAN and WiFi.

Modern printing is a complex process that involves many different types of equipment, from large presses to desktop printers. The basic principle remains the same, though: the printer turns electronic impulses into physical printed material. This digital information is transferred to a sheet of paper by an inkjet, laser, thermal or daisy wheel mechanism that creates a pattern of minuscule dots. This pattern is then reconstructed on the paper to recreate the original image or text.

Inkjet and laser printers use liquid ink (which is either a coloured dye or solid pigments) that is ejected or sprayed onto the page. The nozzles in the print head are activated by heat or an electrical current depending on the manufacturer. When the printer is active, each nozzle produces a drop of ink that falls onto the paper and forms one of the tiny dots that form a complete digital image or text.