What Is a Printer?

A printer is a device that produces physical copies of documents, photos, or other materials. It works by receiving digital data from a computer or other device and converting it into raster images, which are maps of dots that represent the text or graphics to be printed. It then prints that content onto a paper or other material, usually using ink or toner. It can also scan and copy documents. This versatility streamlines many tasks in both home and office environments.

There are several different types of printers. The most common are laser, inkjet, and thermal printers. Each has its own unique benefits and drawbacks, including cost of operation, speed, quality and permanence of print, and noise. Older systems such as daisy wheel or line printers and dot matrix systems were once quite popular, but have been displaced by modern technologies that use computers to drive the printing process.

The first printers were used to reproduce typeset letters on a mechanically driven press. The technology was developed to simplify the production of books and pamphlets based on an alphabet consisting of a limited number of abstract symbols, as opposed to Chinese handwriting, which has thousands of ideograms. This allowed people to communicate with each other more easily and helped to foster alterations in social relations made possible by industrial development and economic transformations.