A printer is a hardware output device that accepts commands from a software program or computer, and prints text or images to flat media such as paper. Most printers use a combination of black or color ink, and they can print either single or multi-page documents. Some printers have memory for storing documents that are waiting to be printed, which increases the speed of printing.
The invention of the printer by Johannes Gutenberg enabled the mass production of books and the dissemination of knowledge. For centuries, printing maintained a quasi-monopoly over the transmission of information. However, it has been challenged in recent decades by new audiovisual and information media. In this context, it has been suggested by some observers that the traditional role of printing is destined to disappear. This view, however, is condemned by others who assert that the unique characteristics of printing, in particular its permanence and direct availability, provide a strong incentive to continue using it as an information medium.
Most modern printers are based on laser or non-impact technologies. They are commonly referred to as computer printers. Laser printers use a selenium-coated drum that is charged with electric charges, and then rolled in toner (dry ink powder). An image is drawn on the drum in a serial fashion, and then the toner is transferred by heat or pressure onto paper. Some printers also have a dot matrix printhead, which prints dots on an aluminum-coated paper in a serial pattern. The paper darkens where the dots are, creating an image.
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